Biomechanics and Sports Class 12 MCQ 🥇 Unit 8 Physical Education 🏆 CBSE Examination 2023 🔥
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MCQs of Physical Education Class 12th Unit 8 Biomechanics & Sports | CBSE Examination 2022-23
Unit–8 Biomechanics and Sports
Meaning &importance of Biomechanics in sports
Biomechanics: The study of the action of external and internal forces on the living body, especially on the skeletal system.
Biomechanics is the science of movement of a living body, including how muscles, bones, tendons, and ligaments work together to produce movement. Biomechanics is part of the larger field of kinesiology, specifically focusing on the mechanics of the movement. It is both basic and applied science, encompassing research and practical use of its findings
Importance of biomechanics-
1. Improves performance in sports
2. Improvement in technique
3. Development of improved sports equipment
4. Improve in training techniques
5. Prevents sports injuries
6. Helps in understanding human body
7. Knowledge of safety principles
8. Helps in research work
9. Creates confidence in player
10. Helps in maintaining healthy body
Types of movements
Gliding movements: Gliding movements is the simplest kind of movement that can take place in a joint, one surface gliding or moving over another without any angular or rotator movement.
Angular movement: Angular movement occurs between long bones. By angular movement, the angle between the two bones increased or decreased. The various movements which fall under angular movements are described below
a. Flexion: Bending parts at a joint so that the angle between them decreases and parts come closer together (bending the lower limb at the knee).
b. Extensions: Straightening parts so that the angle between them increases and parts moves farther apart (straightening the lower limb at the knee).
c. Abduction: It means moving a part away from the midline (lifting the upper limb horizontally to form a right angle with the side of the body)
d. Adduction: Adduction means moving a part towards the midline (returning the upper limb from the horizontal position to the side of the body).
e. Circumduction: Circumduction is that movement which takes place between the head of a bone and its articular cavity. This kind of motion is best seen in the shoulder and hip joints.
f. Rotation: Rotation is a form of movement in which a bone moves around a central axis without undergoing any displacement from the axis. Moving a part around an axis is called rotation.eg. Twisting the head from side to side
Newton’s Law of Motion & its application in sports
1. Newton’s 1st Law
A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.
Example: Starting in rowing, starting in sprinting, starting in throwing the hammer.
Newton’s 1st Law is also known as “Law of Inertia”.
2. Newton’s 2nd Law
A change in motion is directly proportional to the force producing it and inversely proportional to its mass. If two unequal forces are applied to objects of equal mass, the object that has greater force applied will move faster.
Example: In hammer throw, a thrower who is stronger will throw the hammer farther than a thrower who is less strong.
Newton’s 2nd Law is also known as “Law of acceleration”.
3. Newton’s 3rd Law
For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. There are so many examples in sports where this law is applied.
Example: In swimming a swimmer pushes the water backwards (action) and the water pushes the swimmer forward (reaction) with the same force.
Newton’s 3rd Law is also known as “Law of Reaction”.
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